Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that commonly affects weight-bearing joints, including the foot and ankle. Characterised by cartilage breakdown, joint stiffness, pain, and swelling, OA can significantly impair mobility and quality of life. While many associate podiatrists with general foot care, they play a crucial role in managing foot and ankle osteoarthritis.

Understanding Foot and Ankle Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis in the foot and ankle most frequently affects the big toe joint (first metatarsophalangeal joint), midfoot, and ankle joint. Common symptoms include:

• Pain during activity
• Swelling and tenderness
• Joint stiffness, especially in the morning
• Reduced range of motion
• Difficulty walking or bearing weight

Unlike other joints, the ankle is less commonly affected by OA unless there is a history of trauma or instability.

How Can a Podiatrist Help?

Podiatrists are healthcare professionals specialising in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of foot and ankle conditions. Their role in managing OA includes both non-surgical and surgical interventions.

1. Accurate Diagnosis

Podiatrists conduct a thorough examination, including:

• Gait analysis
• Range of motion testing
• Referral for Imaging (X-rays, ultrasound)
• Referral to Specialists when required.

Early diagnosis helps prevent progression and tailor appropriate treatments.

2. Conservative (Non-Surgical) Treatment Options

Most cases of osteoarthritis are managed non-surgically, especially in the early stages. Podiatrists offer:

• Orthotics: Custom foot orthotics redistribute pressure, improve alignment, and reduce joint strain.
• Footwear Recommendations: Supportive shoes with cushioned soles and rocker-bottom soles can ease walking.
• Physical Therapy: Exercises to improve joint mobility, strengthen surrounding muscles, and reduce stiffness.
• Referral for Joint Injections: Corticosteroid or hyaluronic acid injections may be used to reduce inflammation and pain.
• Assistive Devices: Braces or ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) can support weak joints and improve stability.

3. Patient Education

Education is vital. Podiatrists teach patients about joint protection techniques, weight management (which significantly impacts foot joints), and pacing activities to reduce flare-ups.

4. Surgical Referral or Intervention

When conservative treatments fail, podiatrists may refer for to an Orthopeadic surgeon for operations, such as:

• Arthrodesis (joint fusion)
• Arthroplasty (joint replacement)
• Debridement or cheilectomy (removal of bone spurs or damaged tissue)

Evidence Supporting Podiatric Care

Research supports the effectiveness of podiatry interventions:

• A 2020 study in Arthritis Care & Research found that foot orthoses improved pain and function in patients with midfoot OA.
• A systematic review in the Journal of Foot and Ankle Research (2017) emphasized the role of custom footwear and orthotics in reducing foot pain in OA.
• Clinical guidelines from the American College of Rheumatology recommend considering orthotics and supportive shoes as part of conservative OA treatment.

When to See a Podiatrist

If you’re experiencing persistent foot or ankle pain, swelling, or stiffness, especially if it worsens with activity or after rest, it’s a good idea to consult a podiatrist. Early intervention can delay disease progression and improve quality of life.

Conclusion

Podiatrists are key players in the multidisciplinary management of foot and ankle osteoarthritis. Through accurate diagnosis, conservative care, and when necessary, surgical interventions, they help reduce pain, improve mobility, and enhance daily functioning. If you or someone you know is struggling with foot or ankle OA, seeking podiatry care could be a step in the right direction.

Contact Us Today

If you’re experiencing any of the issues discussed above or simply want to learn more about how Podiatry can help improve your quality of life, contact our our clinic (close to Remuera, Newmarket and Parnell) today to schedule a consultation or  book in for a first appointment online. Our expert Podiatrist, Aaron Jackson is ready to support your journey to better health and well-being.